In which modern application is lead still commonly used?

Lead is still commonly used in batteries, particularly in lead-acid batteries, which are widely utilized in various applications such as automotive batteries and backup power systems. These batteries are favored for their ability to deliver high surge currents, making them ideal for starting vehicles. Lead-acid batteries are reliable, with a long history of performance in various industries, and while there are other types of batteries available, lead-acid remains prevalent due to its cost-effectiveness and recycling capability.

In contrast, lead use in construction, plumbing, and cosmetics has been significantly reduced or eliminated due to health and environmental concerns associated with lead exposure. In construction, lead-based paints and materials have been phased out in many areas. Plumbing typically avoids lead in recent installations, and the use of lead in cosmetics has been restricted due to safety regulations. Thus, the modern application of lead in batteries highlights its continued practical use despite the significant awareness of the risks posed by lead in other contexts.